Samantha Adler analyzes what makes unusual forms of diplomacy effective or ineffective at reducing conflict. This is the final article in a series of five.
Effectiveness of unusual diplomacy. Chart by Samantha Adler
In the fourth article in her series on unusual forms of diplomacy, Samantha Adler examines efforts to use sports to bridge the divide in Northern Ireland.
Map of Ireland.
In the midst of Burundi’s civil war, two Zulu leaders who had once tried to kill one another shared their experience of making peace. Samantha Adler examines their work and other efforts in the third of five articles on innovative diplomacy.
Map of Burundi, courtesy of the United Nations
In the second part of a five-part series, Samantha Adler analyzes the use of basketball and classical music to strive to reduce tensions between North Korea and the United States.
The New York Philharmonic Orchestra performing in North Korea in 2008. Photo by Anthony Kuhn/NPR, published with permission
When diplomats are unable to end or prevent conflict, other parties may take the initiative, launching cross-border sports or cultural exchanges. In a five-part series, Samantha Adler analyzes informal and unusual types of diplomacy to see which hold the most promise.
The separation barrier between Israel and the West Bank, near Jenin, under construction in 2005. Photo by Barbara Borst
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